V + A + from + v-ing 왜 항상 forbid가 답인가?

V + A +  from + v-ing 왜 항상 forbid가 답인가? [V (ex : forbid) + N +  from + N/v-ing 다 같은 의미가 아니다?]

 

 

 

 

 

1) 내용상의 분류.

 

 

[문제 제기] 객관적 금지와 주관적 금지가 분리되어 있다 ?

- 접근방식 (approach) :  어원 (etymology) + 사용법 (usage).

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) 객관적 근거 (법, 규칙) - 강제성 [Not right -> (according to laws or rules) must not, oder not to]

: prohibit, ban, bar, restrict.

 

 

01. prohibit = pro (before) + hib (haberre = hold) + it

- ex) The country has a law prohibiting employees from striking. [it's a law]

 

 

02. ban = OE, bannan = prohibit

- ex) He was banned from driving for six months. [it's a law]  

 

 

03. bar = ban

- ex) The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match [it's a rule]

 

 

04. restrict = re + strict (limit) - be limited by laws or rules

- ex) It is absolutely necessary to restrict outsiders from entering the school gate. [it's a rule]

- ex)  it restricts a consumer from giving away spare tickets to friends or relatives [it's a rule] 

- ex) This is a restricted parking area. [it's a rule or law]

- ex) There was a time when they restricted men from having long hair [it's a law]

 

 

 

 

 

(2) 주관적 판단 - 강제성 x (Not good  -> [(Men think) ~ should not, it's good not to]

: keep, stop, discourage, dissuade, restrain

 

 

01. keep

- ex) I'm trying to keep you from doing a horrible mistake. [it's not good to do a horrible mistake] 

 

 

02. stop

- ex) Imposing a fat tax will not stop people from eating junk. [it's not good to eat junk]

 

 

03. discourage = dis + courage

- ex) The owner erected a Keep Off sign to discourage strangers from infringing on his land.

 

 

04. dissuade = dis + suade (advise)

ex) Doctors had tried to dissuade patients from smoking. [it's not good to smoke] 

 

 

05. restrain = re + strain (tight)

ex) She had to restrain herself from crying out in pain. [it's not good to]

ex) Paris restrained herself from clubbing [she thought it's not good] 

 

 

 

 

(3)  (1), (2) + 중립적 사실  [neutral facts -> can't]

: inhibit, prevent, deter, hinder, block, impede, forbid.

 

 

01. inhibit = in (in) + hib (hold) + it

- ex) It could inhibit the poor from getting the medical care they need [a fact]

- ex) we do not want that to inhibit people from using public transport. [it's not good]

 

02. prevent = pre + vent (L. vénĭo, F. venir : come)

- ex) We can't really prevent a typhoon from happening. [fact, but it's not good]

- ex) He is prevented by law from holding a licence [a law]

- ex) She closed her eyes to prevent him looking into them [she thought it's not good to]

 

03. deter = de + ter (frighten) = make sb not want to = discourage

- ex) this did not deter Spielberg from pursuing a career as a filmmaker. [just a fact]

 

04. hinder = obstruct, delay, frustrate, interrupt.

- ex) An injury was hindering him from playing his best [just a fact]

 

05. block

- ex) police tried to block protesters from entering the city [just a fact, not a rule]

 

 

06. impede = im (in) + pede (foot) = interrupt,

- ex) There should be an offence of impeding a pedestrian from crossing the road. [a law]

- ex) government efforts to impede younger students from leaving the country. [not a law]

 

 

07. forbid = for (before) + bid (ban) 

- ex) they are forbidden from sitting down to give their tired feet a rest [it's a rule]

- ex) She does a lot of work for charities, but her modesty forbids her from talking about it. [fact]

 

 

 

 

 

[응용 문제]

 

 

 

 

(1) 밑줄친 말에 대신할 수 없는 말은?

 You can't ___________ me from going to the party.

 1.discourage   2.keep   3.stop   4.forbid   5.prevent

-> 내용상으로만 보자면 답이 없어보인다.

 

 

 

 

 

(2) 밑줄친 말에 대신할 수 없는 말은?

Due to fires and hot lava, officials cannot enter the city to check the damage.

 = Fires and hot lava _________ officials from entering the city to check the damage.

 1. keep 2. prevent 3. forbid 4. stop 5. prohibit

-> 내용상으로만 보자면 답이 5번같다. (prohibit 에만 강제성 있음)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3) 다음 글의 문맥상 빈 칸에 들어갈 단어로 가장 적절하지 않은 것은?

This will ________ you from staining the leather with dirt

1. forbid   2. prevent   3. prohibit   4. stop    5. keep.

-> 내용상으로만 보자면 답이 3번 같다. (prohibit 에만  강제성 있음)

 

 

 

 

 

 

* 그러나 아쉽게도 출제자가 요구한 답은 모두 forbid 였다. 왜?
 

 

 

 

 

2) 형식상의 분류

 

 

 

[문제 제기] 내용상의 분류가 실제 영어 문제를 푸는데 도움을 주지 못했다면 그 이유는?

 

 

 
(1) 강제성 : forbid A to V > forbid A from v-ing

 

- forbid A to do / from -ing

- ex) You are all forbidden to leave. [it's a rule]
- ex) My doctor has forbidden me sugar. [it's compulsory]
- ex) He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. [not a rule]

 

 

 

 

 

- 구어체에서는 forbid A from v-ing가 쓰이는 경우를 볼 수 있다.

 

 

-- ex) 악마는 프라다를 입는다 中

 

Of course his wife should know what her husband has been up to. However, whether you're the one to tell her is debatable. Give him a deadline to own up, and tell him if he doesn't tell his wife, you will. But if you do, be prepared for her to be irate. She may forbid her husband from seeing you ... and who could blame her?

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 그러나 시험 영어에서는 forbid A from v-ing가 오답으로 처리되는 경우를 볼 수 있다.

 

 

 

[문제] 다음중 문법상 옳지 못한 것은 ?

 

3. she forbids us from smoking here [x] -> she forbids us to smoke here [o]

 

 

 

 

정리하자면 ...

 forbid A from v-ing 형태는 구어체에서 많이 쓰이고 있고 문어체에까지 그 쓰임을 확장해 나가고는 있지만, 아직 시험 영어에서 인정을 받는 것은 forbid A to v 이다. 그러므로 선택지에 forbid가 나온다면 내용상 prohibit이 맞다고 해도 forbid를 선택하는 것이 출제자의 의도를 파악한 문제 해결법이라고 할 수 있겠다. 형식뿐만 아니라 내용면까지도 생각해 본, 그래서 억울하게 문제를 틀린, 출제자보다 조금 더 많이 아는 자신을 용서하고, 이런 식의 문제가 출제되면 '좋지 않다' 라고 생각하며 쿨하게 넘어가주길 바란다. 솔직히 prohibit과 forbid를 나란히 출제하는 것은 논쟁의 여지가 충분히 있다고 생각하는 바이다.

 

 

cf) From Wikipedia

 

 The management forbids employees to smoke in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are identified)

The management forbids smoking in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are not identified)

 

 

 

 

즉, 문법상 가능하다고 해도 출제자의 의도에 부합하지 않으면 오답!
그리고 아직까지는 출제자가 forbid를 선택지로 낸다면 그 문제는 구조상 (형식상)의 문제라는 것을 기억하고 과감하게 forbid를 찍자! 그보다 더 좋은 것은 논쟁을 일으킬 만한 문제는 아예 출제를 안하는 것이겠지만.... 시간이 흐르면 다 좋아지겠지... 모든 것이 다 그렇듯이...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

그럼 즐공하세요^^