down 과 to가 만나면 누가 이길까? (down to)

down 과 to가 만나면 누가 이길까? (down to)

 

 

down (방향성) < to (결과)

 

 

 

 

1. From A (down) to B = From A to B = - 까지
Everybody was affected by the economic crisis, / from the president / down to the poorest citizen.

 

 

2. be down to somebody = be up to sb = - 에게 있다
It's down to you to check the door. (= you're responsible for checking the door)

 

cf) be up to somebody
It's not up to you to tell me how to do my job. (= you're not responsible for .... )

 

 

3. be down to something = be due to [=owing to]  = -에 있다.
She claimed her problems were down to the media.

 

cf) be due to
Sadly, it could also be due to failing crankshaft thrust bearings

 

 

4. be down to something  = be  / to = - 까지만 있다.
I'm down to my last dollar.

 

cf) broke [bankrupt]
I'd be broke even if I were a bank printing money.
So in a nutshell we are bankrupt.

 

 

5-1. put A down to B = ascribe (attribute, impute) A to B  = A를 B에 놓다
What do you put her success down to?

 

cf) ascribe (attribute, impute) to
This invention is ascribed to Mr. Kim.
She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
The policeimputethe accident to the bus driver's carelessness.

 

 

 

5-2. put something down to experience
We lost a lot of money, but we just put it down to experience.

 

 

6-1. get down to something = set (go, fall)  to  = -에 두다
Let's get down to business.

cf) set (go, fall)  to
I'll set to work at once.
Go to work! Make money, or we will starve to death.

 

 

 

6-2. get something down to a fine art
I spend so much time travelling that I've got packing down to a fine art

 

 

7. boil down to sth = come down to sth, add up to, end up + V-ing  = - 까지 졸이다 (요약)
In the end, what it all boils down to is money, or the lack of it.

cf) come down to, add up to, end up + V-ing 
What it comes down to is, either I get more money or I leave.
This does not add up to any help for me.
It seems to me that the seams may end up popping

 

 

 

8.  suit somebody down to the ground = fit into = - 까지 맞다
This job suits me / down to the ground.

cf) fit into
I can't fit into some of my clothes these days.

 

 

9. strip down to = - 까지 벗다.
stripped down to my underwear for the massage

cf) Soon Henry was (down) / to his T-shirt,  / leaking sweat.
[strip <-> be]

 

 

[원본]

 

Still it felt beautiful to move, to play, and soon Henry was down to his T-shirt, leaking sweat. After each game he felt painfully sure that Owen would put down his paddle—he seemed gently bored, Owen did—but Owen, his high forehead dry, still wearing his sweater over his pjs, would merely murmur, “Well done, Henry,” and deliver another cottony serve. They played until it was time for dinner, and afterward they returned to the union to watch the World Series, Henry leaning close to the screen to study the shortstops’ moves, Owen lounging on the couch with an open book. Occasionally, roused by a gloomy thought, Owen would pull out his phone and gaze into its face, then tuck it away again.

From : http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/art-of-fielding-chad-harbach/1100737228

 

 

 

요약하자면

 

1. down 은 방향성, to는 결과, 그러므로 to에 맞추어 해석하면 된다
2. down은 생략될 수도, 다른 단어로 대체될 수도 있다 (심지어 up)
3. 숙어로 외우는 것보다 문맥으로 파악하자.

 

 

 

Enjoy learning!